AVALIAÇÃO DOS FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS À DOENÇA PERIODONTAL EM BOMBEIROS

UM ESTUDO SOBRE ESTRESSE E DESREGULAÇÃO CIRCADIANA

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a multifactorial inflammatory condition that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and is considered one of the leading causes of tooth loss in adults. This study investigated oral health and associated risk factors for periodontal disease among Military Firefighters from the 1st Independent Company in Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional, and observational approach, data were collected through an online questionnaire covering oral hygiene practices, self-perceived gingival changes, occupational stress, circadian rhythm disturbances, and smoking habits. The sample consisted exclusively of men, predominantly aged 45–54 years, with over 10 years of service — a profile associated with increased risk of periodontal disease due to aging and chronic inflammatory response. Although all participants reported brushing their teeth at least twice a day and 81.8% used dental floss regularly, 45.4% reported gingival bleeding — an early marker of active gingival inflammation. This suggests that while positive hygiene practices are essential, they are not sufficient on their own to prevent periodontal disease. Factors such as brushing technique, hygiene quality, and systemic influences must also be considered. The study also revealed high levels of occupational stress and sleep disturbances: 81.8% considered their work stressful, and half reported worsening of oral health during stressful periods. Additionally, 86.4% worked in shift systems, and 50% slept only 4 to 6 hours per night, indicating disruption of circadian rhythms. These conditions are known to contribute to hormonal imbalances and increased levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and CRP, which can exacerbate periodontal inflammation. The findings emphasize the need for an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to periodontal health, not limited to local oral hygiene but also addressing psychosocial and physiological factors. Preventive strategies should include mental health care, stress management, and sleep quality improvement, particularly in high-risk occupational groups such as firefighters.