CONSEQUENCIALISMO PENAL E O ANTAGONISMO DEMOCRÁTICO
LIMITES DA LEGITIMIDADE PUNITIVA EM SOCIEDADES DESIGUAIS
Abstract
The consequentialist argument seeks to undestand legal reasoning in terms of the rationality and justification of judicial decisions. A decision must consider the impacts it will have on the specific case, both for the parties involved and in terms of society. In criminal law, consequentialism serves to justify punishment in a positive way, either in the sense of social control or even as a preventive measure against crime. However, this consequentialism faces strong ethical and legal criticism, especially due to the risk of instrumentalizing the offender, which triggers a series of violations of fundamental rights and foundations of the democratic rule of law itself. Given this, the question we seek to answer: to what extent does the use of consequentialist arguments to justify punitivism in unequal societies contribute to the consolidation of selective practices and put pressure on the normative principles of democratic theories? The main objective is to investigate how the consequentialist rationale for punitivis in unequal societies contributes to the reproduction of selective criminal practices and compromises the normative foundations of constitutional democracies. Specifically, to examine the theoretical foundations of penal consequentialism and its forms of legitimizing punishment, especially in context marked by structural inequality; and to confront consequentialist assumptions with the principles of democratic rule of law. To provide a basis for this study, the theoretical framework adopted is focused on a philosophical-political, approach, combined with, the study of critical criminology and criminal dogma. The research will be bibliographic, using qualitative and deductive methods to demonstrate that consequentialism, whwn applied to criminal law in unequal contexts, contributes to the selectivity of the system and to the disregard for the fundametal rights, that underpin democratic theories.
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